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How Does ADHD Medication Work? When one neuron sends a message to another, it makes use of neurotransmitters or chemicals. These chemicals must cross a small gap that is called a synapse. Some ADHD medications make the transmission of these messages more effective. They either assist neurons in the release of more neurotransmitters or slow the reuptake process (called reuptake inhibitors). Doctors begin ADHD patients with a low dose and then monitor their response. They adjust the dosage over time to find a “sweet spot” — the lowest level that offers noticeable improvement in symptoms, with minimal adverse side effects. Methylphenidate Methylphenidate is the most common type of medication doctors often try to help kids with ADHD. It increases the amount of norepinephrine as well as dopamine in the brains of children, which help them pay attention and concentrate. It also reduces their impulsivity and hyperactivity. It is important to remember that methylphenidate must only be taken under an appointment with a doctor since it is a controlled drug. The most well-known methylphenidate drug is Ritalin. It comes in immediate-release tablets, chewable tablets, and capsules. Some versions of this medication contain the artificial sweetener aspartame, which may be harmful for those suffering from Phenylketonuria (an inheritable condition that causes severe intellectual disabilities). Be sure to inform your provider about any food allergies you or your child may have. Researchers have found that methylphenidate reduces aberrant activity, especially in the accumbens nucleus as well as a set of brain networks involved in adaptive control. This may explain why methylphenidate is one of the most effective medications to treat ADHD. Side effects of stimulants include headaches, nausea, insomnia anxiety, agitation, an agitation and tics. These are rare but they could be serious. It is important to consult your doctor immediately if you experience any of these symptoms. You should also tell your doctor if you or your child is suffering from allergies or the presence of heart disease or depression, bipolar disorder, or any other mental health issues such as glaucoma, a history of seizures or stroke or if you are taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) like isocarboxazid (Marplan) or linezolid (Zyvox), the methylene blue, or phenelzine (Nardil). It is important to take your methylphenidate according to the doctor's prescription. Amphetamines Amphetamines can speed up the transmission of messages between brain cells. They can aid in focusing your mind and stay clear of distractions. They are among the most popular treatments for ADHD in both adults and children. They increase the levels neurotransmitters, dopamine and norepinephrine, in your brain. Amphetamines can be found in short-acting (immediate release) and intermediate- or long-acting versions. They can be consumed orally or by injection. Some people are troubled by the negative side effects of stimulant medications, like restlessness or difficulties sleeping, or an increased heart rate or high blood pressure. Your doctor will observe the symptoms and adjust the dosage to determine the right one for you. Some patients may require multiple prescriptions to achieve the desired result. Stimulant drugs affect two important neurotransmitters in the pre-frontal cortex, which is the part of your brain that helps regulate emotions and control your behavior. These drugs are prescribed to treat a wide variety of mental health issues, including ADD/ADHD and other disorders like bipolar disorder, narcolepsy, and eating disorders. Amphetamines as well as methylphenidates are the most commonly used stimulant drugs. The FDA has approved dozens of brand-name stimulants for treating ADHD. They are available in various forms, from short-acting to long-acting and are administered either orally or via injection. Amphetamines are often abused by teenagers who use them to stay awake and focus for exams, as well as by truck drivers and students who need an extra boost of energy to compete in endurance sports. Amphetamines may cause physical and psychological problems when misused, particularly at higher doses. Non-stimulant medications are also effective in treating ADHD. adhd uk medication include atomoxetine clonidine and guanfacine. They are in the same class as antidepressants and belong to the norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitors and alpha-2 adrenergic agonists classes. They are made up of the same chemical that stimulants do, but they are less likely to cause the symptoms of tics in those with Tourette syndrome. Short-acting stimulants These drugs are prescribed to treat teens and children suffering from ADHD. They can be taken through the mouth or applied to the skin. They are available in patches and liquids as well as pills that can either be swallowed or chewed. They are typically only available with a prescription from a doctor. These medications include methylphenidate (brand names Ritalin, Concerta, Focalin, Daytrana), and amphetamines (Adderall, Dexedrine, Vyvanse). Short-acting stimulants are fast-acting and last from 3 to 6 hours. These drugs ease symptoms for 70 percent to 80% of adults and kids with ADHD. They reduce fidgeting and interrupting, making it easier to complete tasks. They can also enhance academic performance and improve relationships. But they don't solve the underlying problems that cause ADHD. It's crucial to combine the two therapies with behavior therapy. It's also important to recognize that ADHD medicines have side effects. You might feel sleepy, cranky, or sleepless. However, these effects are usually minor and go away as the medicine is eliminated from your body. Your doctor might advise you to start with a small dosage and gradually increase it. They will monitor you or your child closely to determine whether there are any issues with the medication. Finding the appropriate medication for you or your children might take some time. It is important to communicate openly with your health care provider. They might suggest an increase in the frequency of medication that you or your child take or if any medication is required at all. They will also want to know if you or your child suffer from any other medical or mental issues. Intermediate stimulants Stimulants are used to treat ADHD symptoms by altering the activity of key neurotransmitters in the brain. This increases the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine, two chemicals that are vital to the functioning of the pre-frontal cortex region of the brain (think of it as your “secretary” in the executive functioning part of your brain). The majority of kids who suffer from ADHD respond well to stimulant medication. Your doctor will work with you to figure out which kind of medication and dose is appropriate for you. You may have to try different types of medication before you find the one that works best for you or your child. You can take immediate-release stimulants in liquid form or chewable tablets. These drugs work quickly and last three to four hours. Some people experience a problem when the medicine wears off, a process known as the “crash effect.” It usually results in a sharp decrease in energy and can cause intense hunger. Long-acting stimulants (like dexamfetamine and lisdexamfetamine) are also available. These are more complicated and require prescriptions. They are injected into the bloodstream, and they become active in the red blood cells. Finding the right medication, dosage and schedule for your child or yourself may take a lot of time. Your doctor will be monitoring your response to the medication and will look for any signs of trouble such as trouble sleeping. They will also talk to you about non-stimulant medications if you or your child aren't responding well to stimulants. It is not advisable to stop or change your ADHD medication without speaking to your doctor first. Inform your doctor if use any prescription medications or supplements, since some could interact with ADHD medications. Long-acting stimulants For 70-80% of adults and children with ADHD stimulant medications work in reducing hyperactivity, interrupting behavior, fidgeting and impulsivity. They also help improve focus and help people complete tasks and maintain relationships. However, they aren't able to alleviate moodiness or other irritable symptoms. They can also trigger side effects such as the loss of appetite, insomnia and jitteriness. They can also trigger stomachaches, changes in the heart rhythm, and high blood pressure. These medicines work in phases, helping to treat ADHD symptoms throughout the daytime. Most of these drugs begin to work within 30 to 60 minutes, and disappear after 3 to 6 hours. adult add medications can be used by themselves or in conjunction with other types of ADHD treatment, such as behavioral therapy. Some of these long-acting stimulants like Atomoxetine (Strattera) and guanfacine-ER (Intuniv), last through the night and into the morning. Some doctors recommend taking them in the afternoon to prevent patients from needing additional medication at school or afterschool. Long-acting stimulants don't increase dopamine levels to the same extent as intermediate or short-acting drugs. However, they increase dopamine levels significantly. They don't have the same rebound effects as shorter-acting stimulants. Long-acting stimulants, because of the potential for adverse reactions they are typically prescribed as a secondary treatment for adults suffering from ADHD and older teens. They can also be used to treat some patients with ADHD if other medications haven't been effective. While medication can aid in improving concentration and self-control, it's not the sole solution for those suffering from ADHD. With the help of healthy sleeping habits, healthy diets and other self-help methods it's often possible to reduce, or even eliminate, the need for ADHD medication.